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aboutAI.net Weekly Features
    Mighty Microcontrollers

Mighty Microcontrollers

Dateline: 07/05/00

Once again, your are choosing hardware base for your new robot - as usual, it should combine small size, low power consuption and computational abilities of modern Pentiums and Athlons with the signal processing proficiency of discrete circuits. You already heard about microcontrollers, highly integrated subclass of the microprocessor family that can fulfill your expectations. However, guided by modern enterprise IT principles, you refuse to develop closed, proprietary architectures aimed at restricted sets of tasks. At the same time, you don't want to invest large amount of both money and time to learn all about new programming languages, development environments and exotic hardware devices. We already described BASIC Stamp and BasicX , microcontrollers that can be programmed in various dialects of Basic. However, things have changed quite a bit during the last year: now we have even more powerful microcontrollers that can be programmed in Basic or Java, so you can jump right in while using previous programming experience.

OOPic is an acronym for Object-Oriented Programmable Integrate Circuit . It became quite popular lately, allowing users to be more creative and productive by providing an Object-oriented language model designed to interact with the electrical hardware components. You start designing your hardware interface in software by creating objects and setting their properties to define their behavior and interaction with hardware (11 hardware objects are directly supported, from 1-Bit Digital Input to the RC Servo Controller). These objects also can be interconnected to form a Virtual Circuit . A Virtual Circuit is a function in an OOPic that appears to be a physical discrete electronic circuit, but is actually the OOPic operating system emulating the functionality of the circuit. Virtual Circuits are created by linking together a set of objects in the same methodology as you would physically link together a set of electronic components. Once created, each individual part of the circuit can be manipulated or evaluated by the program. Object-oriented notation and event-driven approach are fully supported, and the exchange of data between several OOPics is accomplished by a Virtual Circuit that utilizes oDDELink (Dynamic Data Exchange) objects to transfer data over an I2C Network (standard created by Philips Corporation). The OOPic Basic syntax is compatible with Microsofts Visual Basic, making it really familiar to a wide range of developers. There are even more good news: the OOPic C syntax and Java syntax are currently being developed, so you'll have an opportunity to choose between some of the most popular programming languages.

Another, even more powerful microcontroller, comes from Wilke Technology GmbH. Their BASIC Tiger is offering up to 6 MB of memory (!) and is ideal to use for long-time stand-alone sampling or outputting longer sequences of graphic or sound. This product line enable the use of video clips with voice and sound output, graphics symbol display, images, drawings and virtual instruments, resulting in more informative and comprehensible applications. LCDs with 128 x 64 pixels to 240 x 128 pixels connect directly to the Tigers' expansion bus. The TINY Tiger is very similar to the larger BASIC Tiger, offering almost the same features. With its smaller chassis and up to 2.5 MB of memory it is used wherever space is limited but still much memory and I/O lines are required for your application. The newest member of the family, Tiny Tiger Economy, offers up to 1 MB of memory with characteristics very similar to the more powerful Tigers.

Going further on a complexity scale, integration of process control and enterprise applications still remains a dream of many software developers. Java promises to bridge the gap between industrial control applications and standard business solutions. Sun started it all with its picoJavacore, suited for consumer electronic products that run Java applications (like digital set-top boxes, Internet TVs, Internet screen phones and automotive communications devices). The combination of the small size of the processor core and the performance gained from direct execution of Java code instructions means that smaller, higher performance devices such as cellular phones, TV set top boxes and other information appliances can be rapidly developed and brought to market. However, just a few companies offering "Java silicon" currently target hard real-time embedded applications. Now separate efforts under way at aJile Systems Inc., and Advancel Logic Corp. indicate alternative architectural approaches. aJile, a spun out of Rockwell Collins, bases its work on the 20 years of experience with similar processor architectures. Their aJ100 processor features multiple Java virtual machines and an embedded real-time operating system on the chip, designed to efficiently accelerate Java real-time runtime environments. The aJ-PC104 CPU is a single board CPU based on the existing JEM2 processor from Rockwell Collins that can be used as a Java processor module in a PC/104 stack or as a stand-alone single board Java computer. Advancel's is currently working on a dual-language processor that runs both the C programming language as well as Java natively.

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